Connect with psql - Neon Docs

The following instructions require a working installation of psql. The psql client is the native command-line client for Postgres. It provides an interactive session for sending commands to Postgres and running ad-hoc queries. For more information about psql, refer to the psql reference, in the PostgreSQL Documentation.

note

A Neon compute runs Postgres, which means that any Postgres application or standard utility such as psql is compatible with Neon. You can also use Postgres client libraries and drivers to connect. However, please be aware that some older client libraries and drivers, including older psql executables, are built without Server Name Indication (SNI) support and require a workaround. For more information, see Connection errors.

Neon also provides a passwordless auth feature that uses psql. For more information, see Passwordless auth.

How to install psql

If you don't have psql installed already, follow these steps to get set up:

brew install libpq
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

Connect to Neon with psql

The easiest way to connect to Neon using psql is with a connection string.

You can obtain a connection string from the Connection Details widget on the Neon Dashboard. Select a branch, a role, and the database you want to connect to. A connection string is constructed for you.

Connection details widget

From your terminal or command prompt, run the psql client with the connection string copied from the Neon Dashboard.

psql postgresql://[user]:[password]@[neon_hostname]/[dbname]

note

Neon requires that all connections use SSL/TLS encryption, but you can increase the level of protection using the sslmode parameter setting in your connection string. For instructions, see Connect to Neon securely.

Where do I obtain a password?

You can obtain a Neon connection string with your password from the Neon Dashboard, under Connection Details.

What port does Neon use?

Neon uses the default Postgres port, 5432. If you need to specify the port in your connection string, you can do so as follows:

psql postgresql://[user]:[password]@[neon_hostname][:port]/[dbname]

Running queries

After establishing a connection, try running the following queries:

CREATE TABLE my_table AS SELECT now();
SELECT * FROM my_table;

The following result set is returned:

SELECT 1
              now
-------------------------------
 2022-09-11 23:12:15.083565+00
(1 row)

Meta-commands

The psql client supports a variety of meta-commands, which act like shortcuts for interacting with your database.

Benefits of Meta-Commands

Meta-commands can significantly speed up your workflow by providing quick access to database schemas and other critical information without needing to write full SQL queries. They are especially useful for database management tasks, making it easier to handle administrative duties directly from the Neon Console.

Available meta-commands

Here are some of the meta-commands that you can use with psql.

note

The Neon SQL Editor also supports meta-commands. See Meta commands in the Neon SQL Editor.

Informational
  (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
  \d[S+]                 list tables, views, and sequences
  \d[S+]  NAME           describe table, view, sequence, or index
  \da[S]  [PATTERN]      list aggregates
  \dA[+]  [PATTERN]      list access methods
  \dAc[+] [AMPTRN [TYPEPTRN]]  list operator classes
  \dAf[+] [AMPTRN [TYPEPTRN]]  list operator families
  \dAo[+] [AMPTRN [OPFPTRN]]   list operators of operator families
  \dAp[+] [AMPTRN [OPFPTRN]]   list support functions of operator families
  \db[+]  [PATTERN]      list tablespaces
  \dc[S+] [PATTERN]      list conversions
  \dconfig[+] [PATTERN]  list configuration parameters
  \dC[+]  [PATTERN]      list casts
  \dd[S]  [PATTERN]      show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere
  \dD[S+] [PATTERN]      list domains
  \ddp    [PATTERN]      list default privileges
  \dE[S+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables
  \des[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign servers
  \det[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables
  \deu[+] [PATTERN]      list user mappings
  \dew[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign-data wrappers
  \df[anptw][S+] [FUNCPTRN [TYPEPTRN ...]]
                         list [only agg/normal/procedure/trigger/window] functions
  \dF[+]  [PATTERN]      list text search configurations
  \dFd[+] [PATTERN]      list text search dictionaries
  \dFp[+] [PATTERN]      list text search parsers
  \dFt[+] [PATTERN]      list text search templates
  \dg[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles
  \di[S+] [PATTERN]      list indexes
  \dl[+]                 list large objects, same as \lo_list
  \dL[S+] [PATTERN]      list procedural languages
  \dm[S+] [PATTERN]      list materialized views
  \dn[S+] [PATTERN]      list schemas
  \do[S+] [OPPTRN [TYPEPTRN [TYPEPTRN]]]
                         list operators
  \dO[S+] [PATTERN]      list collations
  \dp[S]  [PATTERN]      list table, view, and sequence access privileges
  \dP[itn+] [PATTERN]    list [only index/table] partitioned relations [n=nested]
  \drds [ROLEPTRN [DBPTRN]] list per-database role settings
  \drg[S] [PATTERN]      list role grants
  \dRp[+] [PATTERN]      list replication publications
  \dRs[+] [PATTERN]      list replication subscriptions
  \ds[S+] [PATTERN]      list sequences
  \dt[S+] [PATTERN]      list tables
  \dT[S+] [PATTERN]      list data types
  \du[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles
  \dv[S+] [PATTERN]      list views
  \dx[+]  [PATTERN]      list extensions
  \dX     [PATTERN]      list extended statistics
  \dy[+]  [PATTERN]      list event triggers
  \l[+]   [PATTERN]      list databases
  \lo_list[+]            list large objects
  \sf[+]  FUNCNAME       show a function's definition
  \sv[+]  VIEWNAME       show a view's definition
  \z[S]   [PATTERN]      same as \dp

For more information about meta-commands, see psql Meta-Commands.

Running psql from the Neon CLI

If you have psql and the Neon CLI installed, you can run psql commands directly from the Neon CLI using the connection-string command with the --psql option.

neon connection-string --psql -- -c "SELECT version()"

For more examples, see Neon CLI commands — connection-string.

Need help?

Join our Discord Server to ask questions or see what others are doing with Neon. Users on paid plans can open a support ticket from the console. For more detail, see Getting Support.